A View From the Bridge Essay -- essays research papers

Eddie Carbone is an American-Sicilian man working in Brooklyn. He works as a longshoreman carrying crates and goods from the ships. He is quite a large man. His job requires him to be strong and a good worker. In other words he is very masculine. He is an ordinary man. He lives with his wife and niece, whom he treats like a daughter, and like all good men should do, he works every day to provide them with enough money to pass away on. Eddie is a mans man. He lives within a close-knit community of Sicilians and is a well respected member of society. Eddie sees himself as a establish example of how a man should act and look.The ending of a view from the bridge is fairly predictable from the beginning as it is hinted at by the teller Alfieri throughout the first scene until the climax at the end of scene one where it becomes evident to us that a fall is about to occur. Many factors endure to the tragic pin of Eddie Carbone. However it is his limited spirit of what it means to be a man that is the most prominent. Eddies perception of what it means to be a man is also connected with his views of women. Eddies forbidden love for Catherine is also one of the main driving forces behind the tragedy. The downfall of Eddie Carbone may have in conclusion occurred even without Marco and Rodolpho coming over from Italy as his love for Catherine was unnatural. Marcos strong belief in the Sicilian codes of conduct cause him to fight Eddie. Eddies limited understanding of what it means to be a man becomes damaged and challenged during the play, he responds terribly to these and doesnt approve when other men do not act as he believes men should. In Alfieris opening speech he makes it clear that something bad is about to occur. He says Sat thither as ineffective as I, and watched it run its bloody course. This ones name was Eddie Carbone This makes it clear that Eddie too is to follow the fate that something bad, nevertheless unstoppable is going to happen. Alfieri, li ke a narrator in a Greek tragedy, characterizes the chorus in the play and he tells the story and suggests eddies downfall throughout the play. There was a future there was a trouble that would not go away. Here Alfieri is explaining that even if Rodolpho and Marco hadnt arrived, Eddies love for Catherine wouldve bought a downfall. Especially seeing as his family with Beatrice was becomin... ...ting his name. He says to Marco Now gimme my name Eddie believes that Marco has taken his name. Eddie shouts out to the crowd Maybe he came to apologise to me. Eddie tries to make the crowd think that it is Marco, who has done wrong by taking Eddies name, Marco has damaged Eddies pride and Eddie believes he should pay for this.The biggest factor that drives the tragedy is definitely Eddies narrowed view of what it means to be a mean. The cousins coming to America only acted as a catalyst for what was bound to happen between the Carbone family as Eddies inappropriate love for Catherine would ve impelled them apart eventually. Rodolpho is like a threat to Eddie as he might take Catherine away from him. Eddie not only has stereotypical views on men but on women too. He believes they should look after the house, stay at home and care for their husbands. He sees men as stronger and more authoritative than women. He therefore believes strongly in men having a reputation. This is what finally causes Eddie and Marco to fight, as Eddie wants his name and reputation back. This is how Eddies understanding of what it means to be a man leads to his downfall and so drives the tragedy.

Running into Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Heart Of tincture Running from the Truth In the novel Heart Of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad, the of import eccentric makes a decision to go against his convictions by telling a lie about Kurtzs death to the intended. After c atomic number 18ful analysis of the situation, hotshot whoremaster see that Marlow is justified in lying to the intended because the lie enables Marlow live the rest of his life without having to bear the weight of truth on his shoulders. at that place was enceinte meaning in the actual final words uttered by Kurtz. Kurtz had seen the true heart of man, and he knew of the evil. In his final words the repugnance, the horror(68), Marlow comes to take care and to accept Kurtzs view of life. The things that Kurtz had two done and seen in his life were in fact horrible, merely was something that Marlow was able to look past. This is later put one over by what is in his thoughts as he talks to the woman. He condemning mankind as a whole with this statement. . This is why Marlow keeps the words to himself. It allows him to preserve swear both in the intended, and more importantly in himself. Early in the story Marlow makes it clear that he detests lies. He says There is a taint of death, a disembodied spirit of mortality in lies-which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world(29). This quote comes to mind at the end of the book when Marlow blatantly lies to the intended, but in that location is plenty evidence that Marlows has not changed, only his method of avoiding what he hates. He says that he hates the morality, and the taint of death associated with lies, but in this campaign these things are associated with the truth. Marlow tells of a vision that he has on his way into see the intended. He says that he saw Kurtz on the stretcher opening his mouth voraciously as if to devour all of the earth with all its mankind and that he had seen Kurtz as a wickedness insatiable of splendid appearances, of frightful reali ties, a stern darker than the shadow of night,(72). This is a real and vivid description of his feelings for Kurtz. To Marlow, Kurtz was an evil force that represented horror of what people could easily become under the right circumstances.Running into Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Heart Darkness essays Heart Of Darkness Running from the Truth In the novel Heart Of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad, the main character makes a decision to go against his convictions by telling a lie about Kurtzs death to the intended. After careful analysis of the situation, one can see that Marlow is justified in lying to the intended because the lie enables Marlow live the rest of his life without having to bear the weight of truth on his shoulders. There was great meaning in the actual final words uttered by Kurtz. Kurtz had seen the true heart of man, and he knew of the evil. In his final words the horror, the horror(68), Marlow comes to understand and to accept Kurtzs view of life. The things that Kurtz had both done and seen in his life were in fact horrible, but was something that Marlow was able to look past. This is later clear by what is in his thoughts as he talks to the woman. He condemning mankind as a whole with this statement. . This is why Marlow keeps the words to himself. It allows him to preserve hope both in the intended, and more importantly in himself. Early in the story Marlow makes it clear that he detests lies. He says There is a taint of death, a flavor of mortality in lies-which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world(29). This quote comes to mind at the end of the book when Marlow blatantly lies to the intended, but there is plenty evidence that Marlows has not changed, only his method of avoiding what he hates. He says that he hates the morality, and the taint of death associated with lies, but in this case these things are associated with the truth. Marlow tells of a vision that he has on his way into see the intended. He says that he saw Kurtz on the stretcher opening his mouth voraciously as if to devour all of the earth with all its mankind and that he had seen Kurtz as a shadow insatiable of splendid appearances, of frightful realities, a shadow darker than the shadow of night,(72). This is a real and vivid description of his feelings for Kurtz. To Marlow, Kurtz was an evil force that represented horror of what people could easily become under the right circumstances.

The Three Houses in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Three Houses in The Great Gatsby The houses of the three main characters in The Great Gatsby represent different characteristics of their dwellers. Gatsby is a flashy and superficial humans with a one track mind. He lives next to Nick who is simple and observant. Nicks half cousin is Daisy, who lives across the water from Nick and Gatsby. She is superficial and cynical. Daisys house is a fairly large and elaborate Georgian Colonial mansion, located on East Egg. She lives there with her husband Tom Buchannan. The house is spacious, much like the Buchannas marriage, provided it has nice furniture and antiques so that it appears to be comfortable and quaint, and one would assume that a happy family lived it. Tom and Daisy, like the house, arent really happy, or in love, just they have all the right properties and conveniences to cover the real situation up. Daisy didnt really want to marry Tom, and she new that at her wedding. Now, her marriage is fall ing apart, peculiarly because Tom is having an affair and Daisy knows it. Neither of them really carefulness about their child, and Daisy is completely s uperficial. She always acts bored with life and like everything is a pain, she seems to do everything for show. presently across the water from Daisy is locater Gatsbys huge and ostentatious house. Gatsby purposefully picked this spot because he centers his life around Daisy. Everything he does is in an effort to impress her, cohere closer to her, or attract her attention. He is very much in love with her and has been for a long time. Hed do anything for her, but he doesnt really care about anyone else. He just uses Nick as a tool to get to Daisy, and is kind of condescending with him. He always calls him old sport&157. From his house Gatsby kindle watch the green light on Daisys dock. He holds extravagant parties at his huge mansion, only hoping that Daisy might drop by. He buys only the best of every thing because he knows thats what Daisy

Sociology of The Simpsons :: Sociology Essays

Sociology of the Simpsons The definition of what consitutes a family has definatly changed over time. Usually, what constitutes making up a family is relative to a specific culture, but as always, there atomic number 18 exceptions to the rule. Ever since the golden age of television had sprung upon American culture, it has tried to mimic the ideal American family through and through its programming. Even as early as the 1950s, television producers made programming that would represent what exactly the ideal American family was. Take for example the show get away It to Beaver. There was a father figure, his job, or responsibility rather, was to financially support the family, while being an exemplary father to his children. The m other(a) on the other hand, was solely responsible for being a typical housewife, while not neglecting the rearing of her children. The children did not have any real responsibility, but they respected their parents and attempt to stay out of trouble. Television shows for the most part in this early era of programming followed among these guidelines. However, it is not in a drama that American family life is best represented in the 1990s. Instead, it is in the animated series, The Simpsons.The Simpsons follows suit with the other dramas that reflected the decade in which they aired. According to the U.S. consensus for March 1998, the majority of households in America are married couples (U.S. Consensus pp. 1, 3,4,6). The Simpsons meet this. Also according to the consensus, the average married couple has approximately 2.6 children per household (U.S. Consensus, Household Characteristics p.1). Since there cannot be six-tenths of a child, I go away round up to three children, in which the Simpson family has Bart, Lisa and Maggie. Also, the average American is a blue-collar worker. The father figure, Homer, meets this factor with his job at the nuclear power lay out within his hometown of Springfield. So according to the stati stics, the Simpson family could be considered an average American family. Homer Simpson is the father figure of the household, whose responsibilities include financially supporting the household, since he is the households primary microbe of income. He has his flaws like any person would, but somehow he and his family tend to work it out. Some of his mishaps are very similar to those that most of us have had to face.

Expression of Renaissance Ideals throught the Art of the Period :: European Europe History

Expression of Renaissance Ideals throught the Art of the PeriodThe humanist and secularist beliefs of religion, individuality, and antiquity were evident in the style and illustration of Italian paintings and sculptures in the High Renaissance era. A deep sense of piety, Greek and Roman philosophy, and secularism, can be found in nearly all Renaissance paintings and sculptures, and the take of thought in Renaissance society that regarded the artist as genius contributed to all of these items. Historically, religion is the defining factor of nearly all paintings in novel and medieval European history. The Last Supper by Leonardo, The School of capital of Greece by Raphael, Michelangelos huge sculpture of the ancient Hebrew king David, Giottos paintings of the Virgin Mary and nonsuch Francis of Assisi, and Masaccios The Holy Trinity serve as an infinitesimally small sample of the vast selection of religiously inspired paintings, frescos, sculptures, and architectural endeavors create d by Renaissance artists. The School of Athens by Raphael is an artistic representation of the beliefs and interpretations of the Renaissance humanist philosophers such as Petrarch and Drusus. Great classical mathematicians such as Pythagoras stand under the statue of the Greek goddess of reason, Athena, objet dart intellectuals such as Socrates teach on the right, under the statue of the Greek patron of poetry, Apollo. This fresco also illustrates the existence of an intellectual community of painters, sculptors, and leaders such as Michelangelo and Leonardo, who exist in the painting as Greek philosopher Heraclitus and Plato, respectively. This select group of individuals was in fact the majority of the thinking power of the Italian Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci represents most strongly the secularist style in Renaissance art. His painting of The Last Supper shows the very strained emotions of Jesus apostles when he informs them that he is to be betrayed. The lines of emotion an d the expressions on the apostles faces distinctly depict the secularist real, the non-exaggerative, worldly style of secularism exhibited through the writings of Boccaccio and Lorenzo Valla. Michelangelos dome for Saint Peters Basilica and the roof of the Sistine Chapel display the secularist attitude the Roman Catholic church building adopted in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The fact that the Catholic Church, the wealthiest institution in the world, sponsored this art shows the elitist status that artists must have assumed in the Renaissance, and how the church supported the belief that the hand of God worked through the hands of the artists.

Expression of Renaissance Ideals throught the Art of the Period :: European Europe History

Expression of conversion Ideals throught the Art of the PeriodThe humanist and secularist beliefs of religion, individuality, and antiquity were evident in the style and illustration of Italian paintings and sculptures in the High Renaissance era. A deep sense of piety, Greek and Roman philosophy, and secularism, can be found in nearly all Renaissance paintings and sculptures, and the school of thought in Renaissance society that regarded the artist as genius contributed to all of these items. Historically, religion is the defining factor of nearly all paintings in modern and medieval European history. The Last Supper by Leonardo, The School of Athens by Raphael, Michelangelos huge sculpture of the ancient Hebrew king David, Giottos paintings of the Virgin Mary and Saint Francis of Assisi, and Masaccios The Holy tierce serve as an infinitesimally small sample of the vast selection of religiously inspired paintings, frescos, sculptures, and architectural endeavors created by Renaiss ance artists. The School of Athens by Raphael is an elegant representation of the beliefs and interpretations of the Renaissance humanist philosophers such as Petrarch and Drusus. Great classical mathematicians such as Pythagoras stand under the statue of the Greek goddess of reason, Athena, while intellectuals such as Socrates teach on the right, under the statue of the Greek patron of poetry, Apollo. This fresco also illustrates the existence of an intellectual community of painters, sculptors, and leaders such as Michelangelo and Leonardo, who exist in the painting as Greek philosopher Heraclitus and Plato, respectively. This select group of individuals was in fact the majority of the thinking power of the Italian Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci represents most potently the secularist style in Renaissance art. His painting of The Last Supper shows the very strained emotions of Jesus apostles when he informs them that he is to be betrayed. The lines of emotion and the expressions on the apostles faces clearly depict the secularist real, the non-exaggerative, earthly style of secularism exhibited through the writings of Boccaccio and Lorenzo Valla. Michelangelos dome for Saint Peters Basilica and the roof of the Sistine Chapel display the secularist attitude the Roman Catholic Church adopted in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The fact that the Catholic Church, the wealthiest institution in the world, sponsored this art shows the elitist status that artists must have assumed in the Renaissance, and how the church back up the belief that the hand of God worked through the hands of the artists.

Hbr Cases Csr Outsourcing in Tangers 2 P

CASE STUDY Multinational Outsourcing and CSR. Inditex The worldwide outsourcing garment labor and mixer community learning in Morocco Intermon claims that pres authorizeds on foreign clothing suppliers are smothering employees. In Morocco, where Cortefiel, Inditex Zara), Mango and Induyco El Corte Ingles)manufacture their products, a Tangier based cloth pulverization sold a pair of slacks to large Spanish retailers for 3.3 euros three years ago today, the same item sells for 2 euros. Female factory workers work 12 to 16 hours a day during the high season, because orders from Spain beg six ? ay deliverytermsinordertosuitshopwindowpanechangeschedules. (ElPaisNewspaper,MujeresenAprietos,10? 02? 2004) towardsprocessoutsourcingthatrespondedtoitscharacteristiclabor? intensiveproduction and current competitive pressures for cost reduction and flexibility. Sector companies had beenforcedto inventtheirbusinessstrategies,focusingonperformancemeasurement,new competence and skill ontoge ny, product quality improvements and much strategically orientedhumanresourcesmanagement.Yet,thisnewstrategicfocusentailedunprecedented risks, especially as regards labor practices, environmental care and unfair competition. As multinationalcompaniesembarkedonthisprocess,multilateralagenciesandglobalNGOshad beguntolookintoand reputationonwrongfulpracticesbylargecorporations,significantlycalling theattentionofincreasinglysensitiveandawareconsumersandcustomers. Globalsocietywas urgingapparelindustryplayerstoadoptamoreresponsibleattitudetobeembracedbytheir entirebusinessvaluechain,includingvendorsandoutsourcedsuppliers.Thus,Inditexwasheld responsibleforwhatwentonatoutsourcingshopsownedbyMoroccan,Peruvian,Chineseor Indianbusinessmen. ThiswaspreciselywhyJavierChercoles,SocialResponsibilityDepartment director at Inditex, was losing sleep how could they know for sure what happened in all over 1,800outsourcingshopsscatteredallaroundtheworld? Introduction It was early in October 2005, and the date set for the next Social Council meeting was libertine approaching. This advisory body provided counsel to Inditex concourse on corporate hearty responsibility (hence CSR) issues.The upcoming meeting would assess the CSR policies and programstheGroupwas driveing. ThetextileindustryingeneralandInditex? asanindustry attraction? inparticularwerefacingcomplexsocialchallengesthataffectednot totallytheirimage and reputation only when their operations as well. Inditex CSR strategy had emerged largely in response to these challenging issues. The time had come to evaluate this strategys impact, especially focusing on outsourced shops, in order to outline a future course of action.Specifically, Inditex had launched a program in Tangier and needed to assess this experience and find a way to incorporate it into the Groups global strategy. At the same time, Javier Chercoleswonderedwhatoptionswereavailableforsocialinterventionindevelopingnations. Whatwerethelimitstothecompanyssocialr esponsibility? ShouldInditexstrivetoensurethe wellbeingofitssuppliersworkers? HealsoponderedthevisibilityissueShouldthecompany communicate its CSR efforts openly, or should it pursue a more penetrative, low ? profile approach?Inrecentyears,thetextileindustryhadbecomehighlyglobalizedasaresultofastrong leaning 1 InditexGroupEvolution Bylate2005,SpainsInditex(IndustriadeDisenoTextil)Group,ownerofseveralretailbrands including Zara, Pull and stop, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home and KiddysClass,wasaworldleaderinitssector,withmorethan2,600storesin62countries. The first Zara store was inaugurated in La Coruna, Spain, in 1975. Since then, the company had openstoresinover400citiesin europium,theAmericas,AsiaandAfrica.Inditexengulfedeightretailchainswithbroadinternationalpresence. Thegroupalsoincluded other companies associated with apparel business design, manufacturing and dissemination operations. GroupfiguresshowthatZara,itsoldestand someinternationallyexpanded chain, accountedfor70%ofits boilers suitbusiness,with724storeslocatedin54countries. Europewas Inditexscorebusinessfocus,featuring1,945storesthatgrossedover80%ofitstotalsales. In 2005, the more than 1,000 stores located outside Spain accounted for 57. % of the groups sales, and stores were opened in four new markets Slovenia, Slovakia, Russia and Malaysia. MostInditexstoreswerewholly? ownedandmanagedbythecompanyfranchiseswereonly 2 usedfor12%ofthegroupspointsofsale,contributing10%tototalstoresalesfromallchains. Inditexhadexperiencedsignificantgrowthoverthepastfewyears,postinganetincomeof 628milliononconsolidatedrevenuesof5. 67billionin2004. AsofDecember31,2005,the grouphadanoverallheadcountof58,190employees.Amancio Ortega Gaona, founder of Inditex, started his first apparel manufacturing factory, Confecciones Goa, in 1963. Soon he developed an interest for retailing and opened the first Zara S. A. store, which became his first retail and distribution company. Since inception, Zara wa s positioned as a store selling quality fashion clothing at reasonable prices. By the end of the 1970s, there were half a cardinal Zara stores in Galicia, Spain. In 1985, Inditex S. A. was established as a holding company atop Zara.Since then, its expansion gathered momentum thefirststoreoutsideSpainwasopenedin1988(inPortugal),and,between1989and1998, the company expanded to 18 additional countries, developing or acquiring other fashion brands,suchasPullandBearandMassimoDutti. Throughoutthisprocess,theGroupunderwentdeepstructuralchangesandwentfrombeing anexclusivelySpain? basedproducingchainin1980todeploying,by2005,companyaudited andcertifiedproductioncentersandprovidersintheAmericas,Africa,EuropeandAsia.This new scheme posed new challenges for Inditex, especially in terms of labor, social and economic concerns regarding its employees, its suppliers and outsourcing shops, as the company struggled to uphold the values and principles inspiring the Groups CSR strategies. Zarawasasucces sfulstore,andsuccessbringsvisibility. Forseveral,reasons,boththemedia andtheNGOcommunityhadtheireyessetonZara,afactthecompanycouldnotignore. market-gardeningbasedonethicsandrespectandtranslateintomorethanjustaestheticmoves.So,is InditexreallyandgloballycommittedtoCSR? (PressreleasebySETEMNGO,June15,2004) In1992,Levis,aU. S. apparelcompany,wasaccusedofsellingjeansmanufacturedbyChinese immigrantsworkinginslavery? likeconditions. In1994,Kukdong,aNikeandReeboksupplier, waschargedforviolatinglaborstandardsbyhiringminorstoworkupto10hoursadayand allowingverbalandphysicalemployeeabuses. In1998,chargeswerebroughtagainstAdidas forforcingprisoninmatesinChinatoworkin mournfulconditions.These precedents had driven large textile companies all over the world to adopt socially responsible strategies and policies. Industry leaders, like Nike, H&M, Benetton and Gap, had developed and published codes of take aim that included their inscription to observe and enforce legal labor practices and the p rinciples contained in the Universal Declaration of HumanRightsbothattheirownproductionplantsaswellastheirsuppliers. Thisimpliedthe adoption of specific practices, such as inspection, audit and evaluation mechanisms for outsourcingshops.However, many NGOs were still quite skeptical when it came to textile industry practices. curiously noteworthy in this regard was the Clean Clothes Campaign,1 an organization that originated in Holland in 1984 and, by 2004, had already turned into an informal NGO and union profits spanning throughout the world. It was devoted to pressing apparel multinationalstoensurealltheirproductsandserviceswereproducedinaccordancewithfair laborpolicies,aswellasto aggrandizementconsumerawarenessonindustryabuses.TheCleanClothes CampaignhadsuchavastimpactinEuropethat,in1997,theEuropeanfantanpraisedits workandrecommendedtheEuropeanCommissiontoexplicitlysupportthisorganization. InSpain,theCleanClothesCampaignhadbeeninitiallyledbySetem,aSpanishdevelopment NGO,andlate rbyIntermonOxfam,alarger,moreestablishedorganization. Bothhadadopted differing strategies in their dealings with the industry while Setem pursued an ongoing and outspoken protagonism strategy, especially in the case of Inditex, Intermon ?Oxfam preferred a more collaborative approach to both the entire industry and Inditex in particular. In 2001, 4 Stakeholderschemical reactiontoInditexCSRStrategy Arteixo. ?SETEM,NGOthatcoordinatestheCleanClothesCampaign,willattendthetextile InditexGroupsGeneralShareholdersMeeting,tobeheldtomorrowatArteixoinLaCoruna,in ordertoquestioncompanyofficialsonprimaryissues,suchasitsCodeofCo ductsfailureto referto planetaryLaborOrganization(ILO)standardsandtherighttoafairwage. Sincethe creation of the Inditex Corporate Social Responsibility Department, SETEM ? Clean Clothes Campaign has monitored the companys commitment to labor rights, purchasing practices, management transparence, etc. ? in short, all the aspects that truly determine a business 3 Setempurch asedInditexstockinorderto pairingthecompanysannualShareholdersMeetings.SetemsJuly2004pressreleaseclearlyexpresseditspositiononthecompanyInditexssocial responsibility plan is a deceitful front that has enabled the company to portray itself in the media as a pioneer in social responsibility issues in Spain. Instead, Intermon Oxfam, a development NGO used to working with business companies, published a report, Moda que Aprieta(February2004),thatreferredspecificallytoInditexinthefollowingtermsThisisthe SpanishapparelgroupthathasmademoreprogressinCSRissues.Itskeyweaknessliesinits difficultytomatchitsaggressivemarketingpolicy,basedonstringentorderfulfillmentterms, anditsdemandforsupplierstocomplywithitsethicalcode. Currently, Clean Clothes Campaign platforms were approaching several sector multinationals to formulate a proposal for good practices in the textile industry. In other words, some companies and NGOs were trying to analyze market pressures forcing harsh productivity, flexibi lity and low cost strategies on sector players in an attempt to minimize their shun impacts,suchaslaborinstabilityandunsafeworkingconditions. A group of Inditex top executives recognized the need to approach company stakeholders meaningfullyandtodevelopsoundCSRstrategies. TheybelievedthatitwascrucialforInditex to set in place suitable mechanisms to approach its stakeholders. The company had already moved in this direction

Market Analysis and Promotional Issues in South Africa Essay

southeastern Africa is an ethically diverse kingdom and was under the compound rule for decades. It has been noted that its unforgiving Afri give notice ancestry in the whole population consisted of 79.3% while the white population was 9.1%, the colored 9% and the Indian/ Asiatic of 2.6 %. The countrys new constitution which came into effect on 4th February, 1997, has recognized 11 official languages and has further given them all an equal status.Its colonial history was one of subjugation by the white colonial masters and therefore the native African and colored population nursed a maturement sense of resentment, doubt and a intent of revenge for the wrong doings meted out to them by the colonial rulers. The nation that became liberalized by emerging out of the retiring(a) again realized that the colonial spell of subjugation was not fully over as yet as they still have to remove the feeling of inferiority over the slope language left out by the foreign rulers.Thus, conscien tious efforts were on by the new government to save the countrys various linguistic cultures. By accepting linguistic globalization, which has adapted the use of English, mother tongue equally need to be used and in addition developed (Moyo, 2009). In this context and the resulting confusion of attaining a pagan identity the book sales in South Africa saw a significant extend including those of English books.South African CustomersThe South African Customer for market purpose in consumer harvest-festivals covers a whole range of people from all cultural and linguistic angles. Yet from the point of view of the book publishing the range is limited and this is further narrowed down given to reason that the English nurture population is limited only to the white people and the educated lot of the Black African and colored population.Now taking into consideration the market of English fiction of the Janet Evanovich line of books the market gets further segregated according to age. However, it is seen that fiction in general is the easiest genre to sell in the overseas market (OReilly, 2010). This is much so keeping in view of the South African governments recent bilingual education policy where English language is an grave official language. Although South Africa has a significantly different political, social and cultural landscape than that of US, it provides an excellent example of bilingual education policy (England, 2009).In foulness of the above it is seen that there is some amount of resistance from the culturally distinct group who would like their own mother tongue as their main language. check to the author Mzamane Mbulelo Vizikhungo liberating the African mind from the strong confound of Western cultural imperialism is the unfinished business of the liberation struggle (2009).This shows the nature of resistance which still exists in the Black African and colored population which may take some time to completely erase out. As Vorster states that after a long period of inequalities in the society a new dispensation cannot be effectively established without a deep-rooted transformation process that must redress the imbalance cause by the previous dispensation (2005).Yet this may slowly subside as the whole world moves towards globalization and there will be changes in the attitudes of the consumers. An understanding of the psychological process by which attitudes are changed should provide insight into when and how attitudes guide consumer behavior (Bagozzi, Gurham-Cauli and Priester, 2002). This is true for any fiction and the publishers ought to be aware of this in order to ramble the book as tailored for the customers.Todays approach is to accept that there are different demands in the market place and the product ask to be tailored specifically to meet the differing demand if it is stand the best chance of success (Proctor, 2000). In case of Janet Evanovich writing which is incidentally a dissolute moving, suspense fi lled, romantic version of contemporary life in America, and the South African public can see reason as to why they too may not change likewise. Customers are more discerning than they used to be in the past where they purchased simply on their whims and impulse (Griffin, 2002). The same could hold true for the modernizing South Africa who might rather than reject accept the fast fiction version of the American life.Defining the Changing South African groceryWith the advent of globalization it is not possible for any nation to remain cocooned in ones own narrow beliefs and cultural pretense. Although by and rangy the global society would undoubtedly become a multicultural and multi-lingual one there is enough evidence that heterogeneity would remain distinctively rooted at heart a larger homogeneity in existence everywhere. This homogeneity would be defined as the assimilation of all positive sides of human endeavors and linguistic aspects.Therefore, for communicate the Janet Eva novichs line of books the publishers need to emphasize the point through website and other media that the book is meant for the public simply as a form of entertainment and not to transgress on their cultures and at the same time to inform them of the life style in contemporary America. market is about meeting customers needs and developing their trust and loyalty (Doyle, 2000). In order to achieve these publishers would have to wean themselves away from the biasness of their own home country and look at book sale as a specific objective. Many marketers now distinguish a goal as a specific objective, a politeness of an objective and make it desirable (Rogers, 2001).In order to remove whatever friction that may cause by the introduction of the books the publishers may undertake promotions in an appealing way with due consideration given to the cultural aspects of each group. Not only can a celebrity endorsement campaign pair with the launch of Janet Evanovichs line of books by loca l artists, but the author can sign a few dozens of the initial published copies.This can make the public more intimate with her style of writing and wouldnt try to uncover any seemingly hidden motives. Utilizing a charitable volcano for a portion of the profits can enhance the sensitivity of the companys representation in the community (Hosier, 2010). Further, a redundant low set could be offered so as to entice the potential customers who are usually in the age group within 16 to 60.Or a special discount could be offered for the first hundred copies or the whole of the first published lot in South Africa only. Prices, reflect values, the value seller believes their product possesses and which the buyer too perceives (Bradley, 2003). An intimate relationship is thus established between the consumers and with those who are very sentimental when their cultural values is seen under threat.Reference referBradley Frank (2003). Strategic Marketing In the Customer Driven Organization. Pricing Strategies and Tactics. 12, 221. Chichester, England. Wiley.Bagozzi P. Richard, Gurham-Cauli and Priester R. Joseph (2002). The Social Psychology of Consumer Behavior. Attitude Change. 5, 102. Philadelphia. Philadelphia Open University Press.Doyle Peter (2000). Value Based Marketing Marketing Strategies for Corporate Growth and Shareholder Value. The Marketing Value Driver. 3, 69. New York. John Wiley & Sons.England W. Travis (2009). Bilingual Education Lessons from abroad for Americas Pending Crisis. A. South Africa. Washington University Law Review.Griffin Jill (2002). Customer Loyalty. A Closer Look at Loyalty. 2, 17, San Francisco. Jossey-Bass.Hosier Bill (2010). Benevolent Marketing-Building Charitable Giving into the Business Model. Advertising, marketing, public relations community.OReilly Gillian (2010). Canadian Books Sell around the World. Fiction. Canadian Childrens book News.Proctor Tony (2000). Strategic Marketing. Segmentation, Target and Positioning. 10, 188. London. Routledge.Moyo Thamba (2009). Linguistic diversity and development the language dubiety And Social justice in Southern Africa. The Mother Tongue Defined. Forum On Public Policy A Journal of the Oxford Round Table.

Curriculum Theory Essay

Historical accounts of public education reaching back into the nineteenth century reveal successive waves of polarization of view points, limited approaches to course organic evolution, and recurring upsurges of dissatisfaction with school offerings. programme maturement activities in the past show a seeming lack of rigorous, systematic thinking active platform development and give insight into the attic thinking about computer program development and give insight into the need for an adequate possible action of curriculum development.Without an inclusive theory of curriculum theory, child-centered, society-centered, field of view-centered, and other approaches of limited dimensions will continue to compete with each other as exclusive routes to curriculum planning. Evidence of a long period of limited approaches to curriculum development may be found in historical literature. In the colonial era, free public schooling had not except been conceived. The prevailing concept at that time, borrowed from European schools, was that education was for the elite-a view that haunted public education in one way or another for generations. handed-d protest Theory The Ameri evoke Revolution added new power to the emerging spirit of democracy and focused new attention on schools and education. The colonial view that ceremonious schooling was only for the upper classes came into question, and public schooling was introduced in this country. Its expressed purpose is in the poster evolutionary period were to inculcate moral standards by transfer the traditional culture a job previously.American culture out of the diverse cultures brought here by immigrants from many countries. Although educators viewed the Dewey (1916) concept as desirable, they disagreed on how to carry it out in practice. To some(prenominal) it meant a school without coordinate or predetermined objectives and content. Harold Rugg viewed such superficial interpretations with alarm in 1926 and u rged educators to realize that curriculum-making is a complex, highly specialized task that moldiness be the cooperative endeavor of many minds.De enkindle its varied interpretations, the Dewey (1916) concept brought an upsurge of curriculum development in the 1920s and 1930s that moved away from traditional classicism and toward emphasis on the needs of the individualistic(a) and of society. Dewey (1916) finds that, when pupils argon a traditional class quite an than a social group, the teacher acts largely from the outside and not as a director of processes of ex smorgasbord in which all have a sh ar. In Deweys (1916) view, when education is based on experience and educative experience is seen to be a social process, the dapple changes radically.Planning, in their view, is the structuring of a living situation with a wide range of educative alternatives. The transactions that take place within this structure cannot be planned in the traditional manner. They are more in the na ture of planned accidents . . . . The curriculum is the cultural environment which has been selected as a set of possibilities for learning transactions (Dewey, 1916) When a range of educational alternatives is available, the linguistic rule of choice becomes an essential consideration in planning for freedom.The preceding discussion gives numerous examples of needs assessment procedures that encompass far broader concepts of needs than the traditional expert-determined or producer-determined needs or the narrow definition of needs that arises from comparison of savant achievement scores with national norms on standardized tests. The examples given here embroil psychological needs as well as educational needs and describe ongoing procedures in various parts of the country in which individuals and groups instanter concerned with a curriculum development process are also involved in identifying the needs that curriculum and instruction should meet.Structure of Disciplines Theory T he knead of Jerome Bruner (1960) and others emphasized the structure of the disciplines as a basis for curriculum design. Burner called attention to the general usefulness of structure within a discipline as an organizing regulation, that he did not set forth a comprehensive curriculum development theory. Hilda Taba ( 1962) noted that the either/or practice still prevailed and that, while in the 1930s the cry was for attention to the child, in the 1950s the battle was to reintroduce disciplined content, with the problem of balance still unresolved.James Macdonald (1971) observed that the curriculum crystallize movement of the 1950s and 1960s was in no real sense a movement, because its separate parts were never really related or coordinated. Rather, it was a historical accident a combination of Sputnik, McCarthyism, interested professors, federal money, and the ambitions of commercial publishers. Structure identifies order or sequence or notes that order is immaterial. Structur e for an individual may develop from his or her interests and motivations, when a range of alternatives is available.Jerome Bruners widely publicized statement in The Process of Education (1960) that anything worth teaching can be taught in some intellectually honest way at any level has conveyed the impression to a wide audience that there is some definite pattern of construction or organization of the subject matter of the separate disciplines that should be known by curriculum-makers and used in sequencing information to go on it to children in an efficient and effective way. This point of view influenced the curriculum reforms of the 1960s, which did not in actuality reform curriculum.John Dewey (1916) would probably not have advocatord a pie-eyed or set structure as an intellectually honest way to introduce children to life and experience. Knowledge, of course, must be integrated to be meaningful, and curriculum structure can be constructed not only within the separate disci ples but also across disciplines or interdisciplinary areas of social, cultural, or personal interest. As a system of ideas and beliefs, it includes aspects of the cognitive world isolated by disciplines and/or subjects in terms of facts, information, generalizations, principles, laws, and the like.. . . Cultural systems are substantive aspects of social and personality systems and evolve in a constant interaction shaped and influenced by the dynamics of structures and actions in . . . culture, society, and personality (Macdonald 1971). George Counts (1952) primary(prenominal)tained that the responsibilities of the school included curriculum development tell toward rehabilitative modification and development of the nations economy, social structure, cultural institutions, and outlook on the world.Curriculum development should lead toward creating as well as transmitting culture, meeting and maintaining democratic social relationships, and increasing individual self-realization, C ounts asserted. The scope of available culture is almost limitless. It involves societal conditions, knowledge from the academic disciplines, professional knowledge about learning and educative processes, philosophical and value bases, futures research, realities in the classroom, pluralistic ethnic backgrounds of the participants, and their needs and desires.Behavioral Theory A dominant influence on curriculum development since the early1950s has been the Tyler rationale, set forth in Ralph Tyler Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction (1950). Tylers frequently cr emended with providing impetus for the behavioural objectives movement of recent years. Its advocate proposition is that instructional goals be stated in behavioral terms, with built-in criteria for measurement of outcomes. Selections are then made from alternative activities expected to help the student attain the desired behavioral objectives.Scope and sequence decisions follow, and evaluation is carried out. Var ious interpretations of this approach have led to highly technical procedures to develop a preplanned course of study of behavioral objectives closely tied to subsequent measures of achievement. Behavioral and other models adapted from Tyler seem to over- emphasize educational need and underestimate psychological need. Although Tyler was cognizant of the last mentioned and referred to two types of need, he gave psychological need no more than a nod of recognition (Tyler, 1950)The inclusion of psychological need in curriculum development is advocated by those who fear that overemphasis on behavioral objectives, academic achievement, and grading may develop negativism among students toward school learning. Academic objectives retain their importance, but these planners also tense the importance of psychological processes, human relations, positive mental health, and student involvement in setting goals, selecting options, learning how to work toward goals, and developing persistenc e in spite of occasional failures.Arthur Combs (1972), taking a strong position, outlines the hazards of accountability programs that focus almost exclusively on test scores of detailed behavioral objectives. A really comprehensive approach to accountability, he says, must consider at least five major problems related to curriculum and instruction 1. Basic skills. Specific, atomistic behavioral objectives can be applied successfully only to simple skills and problems for which they are appropriate and must be constantly updated. The information explosion and rapidity of change make right behaviors rapidly obsolete.2. Intelligence and holistic behavior. Accountability must contribute maximally to intelligent behavior and problem-solving action directed toward fulfillment of the individuals and societys needs. 3. The nature of learning and the causes of behavior. Attention should be concentrated on the causes of behavior kinda than on behavior itself. Personal meanings are the causes of behavior, and these are formed through two aspects of learning the provision of new information or experience, and the discovery by the learner of its personal meaning for him. 4. humanitarian goals of education.Developing humane qualities, self-actualization of the individual, good citizenship, learning to care for others, and working together are all aspects of humanism for which schools must be accountable. We can live with a bad reader, says Combs, but a bigot is a danger to everyone, (Combs, 1972) 5. Professional accountability. Teachers can and should be held accountable for professional behavior being informed in subject matter, being concerned about the welfare of students, being knowledgeable about their behavior, and understanding human behavior in general.Professional educators may be held professionally responsible for the purposes they seek to carry out and the methods they use. Constructivist Theory Outside the fortress of elitism in secondary education, political , social, and educational leaders began to awaken to the broader responsibilities of the schools and to look to the public schools for inferential approaches to the publics needs and problems.Mark Chesler, a frequent observer and consultant in disrupted schools, gained some insights into procedures that seem to hold promise for reconstructive change. In School Crisis and Change ( 1970), he asserts that when school officials sought only superficial techniques for reestablishing the status quo, stress and turmoil were more likely to continue. When collaborative decision-making procedures were instituted among students, union people, school executives, and faculty, meaningful and positive curriculum improvements began to takes place.A statewide assessment of the Michigan plan, conducted by Ernest plate, Wendell Rivers, and Daniel Stufflebeam (1974), reflected general support of the accountability process in principle but was highly critical of the implementation of the plan in Mich igan. The evaluators pointed out that attention had been limited mainly to reading and arithmetic at two rank levels, that no constructive purpose had been gained by ranking schools on norm-referenced tests, and that the promise of providing needs assessment in relation to the full scope of goals had not been pursued.It is perspicuous that curriculum development must be a responsive process, constantly extending, expanding, and revising the curriculum. This requires continuous planning of learning outcomes that will help individuals draw efficaciously on growing realms of knowledge, develop new skills in a rapidly changing world, and develop insights into and constructive approaches to unresolved problems. The process of curriculum development must continue to be responsive to needs and problems and to generate alternative means for reaching desirable endsGeorge Counts (1952) maintained that the responsibilities of the school included curriculum development directed toward constr uctive modification and development of the nations economy, social structure, cultural institutions, and outlook on the world. Curriculum development should lead toward creating as well as transmitting culture, meeting and maintaining democratic social relationships, and increasing individual self-realization, Counts asserted. Research studies have found that very young as well as sr. students formed important and serious work groups to discuss, plan, and carry out activities in cooperation with adults.In the cases reported, the schools provided constructive learning situations in which children were involved in forging their own roles, working out relationships, and assuming responsibility for self-evaluation. In these situations the teacher acted as guide and re fountain rather than a not- to-be-questioned authority, critic, and judge. A systems approach is an analytic rather than an erratic approach. It requires planning and action to be accomplished in a manner that allows part icipants to revise the plans, as action and experience proceed, and incorporate constructive improvements.A systems approach requires initiative and commitment. Curriculum-planners using a systems approach must be ready to document and make public exactly what they are doing, why they are doing it, and how the curriculum is being developed. The participants and consumers must evaluate the curriculum development effort so that it can be continually improved. Experiential Theory Active critics and reformers on the contemporary scene can be classified roughly into three categories. One includes those who focus on individual freedom in learning.They are sometimes termed the romantics or radicals, and they advocate free schools or the elimination of schools as they now exist. The free school movement can be traced to the publication of A. S. Neills Summerhill in 1960 and became manifested in various types of free schools, emphasizing experiential learning that places the highest priority on the self of the individual. Advocates of de schooling see hope in a meshwork of opportunities for incidental education through which each child can discover itself and pursue his or her particular interests in special ways.In Kohlbergs (1972) studies the main experiential determinants or causal factors in moral development seem to be the amount and variety of the childs social experience and the opportunities he or she has had to assume a number of roles and to take other perspectives into account. Being able to put oneself in anothers place is a source of principles for example, when parents sought their childrens views and elicited comparisons of views in dialogues, the children reached more advanced stages of moral development. Roger Pillet (1971) asserts that researchers have perpetuated a separation of experiential theory and practice.He lists as shortcomings (1) the locale of the leadership function in curriculum development that is external to the teachers, administrato rs, parents, and students who are expected to become users (2) the negation of reality that occurs when new programs are designed on constitution without regard to the knowledge and experience of the learners and educators who are expected to become the users and (3) the use of abstract language that reduces the possibility of communication among those involved in various aspects of curriculum development. References Bruner Jerome S.The Process of Education. Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1960. Chesler Mark A. School Crisis and Change. In Student Unrest Threat or Promise? edited by Richard L. Hart and J. Galen Saylor, pp. 100-21. Washington, D. C. Association for inspection and Curriculum Development. 1970. Combs Arthur W. Educational Accountability. Beyond Behavioral Objectives, Washington, D. C. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1972. Counts George S. Education and American Civilization. New York Bureau of Publications, Teachers College University, 1 952.Dewey John. Democracy and Education. New York Macmillan, 1916. pp. 17 House Ernest R. Rivers Wendell and Stufflebeam Daniel L. An Assessment of the Michigan Accountability System. Phi Delta Kappan 55 (June 1974) 663-69. Kohlberg Lawrence. Moral Education in the Schools A Developmental View. In Curriculum and the Cultural Revolution, edited by David E. Purpel and Maurice Belanger, pp. 455-78, Berkeley McCutchan, 1972. Macdonald James B. Curriculum Development in Relation to Social and Intellectual Systems, In The Curriculum Retrospect and Prospect, part I, pp.97-98. Seventieth Yearbook of the content Society for the Study of Education, Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1971. Pillet Roger A. Boundaries of a Curriculum Network, In Elements of Curriculum Development, pp. 7-11, Monograph supplement of Curriculum Theory Network. Toronto Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 1971. Taba Hilda. Curriculum Development Theory and Practice. New York Harcorut, Brace and World, 196 2. Tyler Ralph W. Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction, Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1950. pp. 7-8

Evaluating Art Throughout The Ages Essay

Throughout the history of art, evaluation of artistic works has continued even long after the artists lifetime. This is because the veracious evaluation of any work of art involves an understanding of its cultural and historical context, its philosophy and the message the artist tries to convey. Although beauty (aesthetics) used to be an important dower of art evaluation, post-modern and abstract art have delegated it to obscurity. (Schaeffer)Below are some criteria relevant to evaluating art from any period of history 1. Technical quality and wizard These consist of form (structure and expression), contrast (separation of object from background in many instances), texture, colour display or the use of lines (in line art), composition of various objects in the artwork and quality of craftsmanship. 2. Artistic integrity and vision Artists should remain true to their worldview and to themselves.This means not only uniqueness and originality, but also remaining wedded to the idea l and style he is trying to depict. 3. Philosophy and world view This is often referred to the works hidden meaning, and the values it represents. E. g. in prehistoric core out art, the world view would often be related to the day-to-day wish fulfilment of bountiful hunting. Salvador Dalis artistic philosophy was based on surrealism ( attached picture ), which often had a dream-like quality. 4.Relation to the artists lifes work, its genre and period in history Many of these qualities cannot be whole evaluated during the artists life time, and may require significant periods of time after its completion. In many cases it is never complete e. g. masterpieces like the Mona Lisa continue to be evaluated, centuries after it was finished.Reference Schaeffer Francis (1978). Art and the Bible. Figure. Salvador Dalis Dream of a Virgin depicts his surrealistic philosophy, and a dream state.

Seven Layer Denisty

The Seven Layer Density Column By Nicia Buttner Grade 8 Table of Contents Statement of purpose. 2 Hypothesis.. 3 Research.. 4 Materials. 5 Procedure 6 Observation and results. 7 decisiveness.. 8 Bibliography 9 Acknowledgements 10 pageboy 2 The purpose of this prove is to comp are the different densities of different liquids. Density is a comparison between an objects muddle and volume. Density = Mass divided by Volume.If the weight (or mass) of something increases but the volume stays the homogeneous, the tautness has to go up. If the mass decreases but the volume stays the selfsame(prenominal), the compactness has to go down. This experiment will show how the weight of certain liquids react to each other. Page 3 The seven liquids I have chosen for the experiment have different weights and textures. My hypothesis is that the liquids that have more density, even though I am using the same amount of liquid, will be on the bottom of the column. The liquids that are less dense wil l then shape on baksheesh of the more dense liquid.They will create a layer of seven different liquids one on top of the other. Page 4 Most of the research I did for this experiment was online. I found a survey of different information about the densities of different liquids. One web site that was most helpful was stevespanglerscience. com. I learned how different liquids have different densities. The same amount of oil has a different density than the same amount of water, for example. I also watched a video on youtube. com showing how the experiment works. near liquids that have different densities are baby oil, vegetable oil, water, milk, dawn swear out soap and maple syrup.Each one can be measured out in the same amount, but will have different densities. Page 5 The materials I apply for the project are simple everyday products you use around the house. The container I used was bought at Walmart and is used for holding spaghetti. The other materials I used are Light Karo syrup Water Vegetable oil Dawn dish soap (blue) Rubbing alcohol Lamp oil Honey Food Coloring or True Color Coloring Tablets Food baster 9 oz share cups Page 6 1. Measure 8 ounces of each type of liquid into the 9 ounce portion cups. You may want to color each of the liquids to tell on a more dramatic effect in your column.Light Karo syrup is easier to color than dark syrup. The only liquids that you may not be able to color are the vegetable oil and the honey. 2. Start your column by pouring the honey into the cylinder. Now, you will pour each liquid SLOWLY into the container, one at a time. It is very important to pour the liquids slowly and into the center of the cylinder. Make sure that the liquids do not touch the sides of the cylinder while you are pouring. Its ok if the liquids mix a little as you are pouring. The layers will always even themselves out because of the varying densities. Make sure you pour the liquids in the next order HoneyKaro syrup Dish soap Water Vegetab le oil Rubbing alcohol Lamp oil 3. As you pour, the liquids will layer on top of one another. After you pour in the liquids you will have a seven-layer science experiment. Page 7 What I observed was that the different liquids were able to plasterers float on top of one another. The most dense liquid stayed at the bottom starting with the honey. The least dense liquid was at the top and that was the lamp oil. Page 8 All these different liquids have different densities. The honey stayed at the bottom because it had the highest density of all the liquids. Each liquid sed after the honey had a little bit less density and thats why they were able to layer on top of one another. Because the lamp oil had the least amount of density it was on the very top of all the other liquids. This experiment showed how liquids can have equal measurement, but different densities. Page 9 Resources I used for this experiment are Stevespanglerscience. com Chemistry. about. com Google. com Youtube. com (vid eo) Page 10 Acknowledgments I want to convey my mom and dad for their help with my project and research. I also want to thank Mr. Rothering for his help and encouragement.

Representation of Women in History Essay

Throughout American history, women have been the backbone of the boorish, giveing at taking care of their families, and the country itself. The recognition of this is shown by the different repre directations of America in a female context. Whether as a insolent young Native American princess who has wronged her British mother, or as roman goddess Columbia in her long, flowing white robes. The major change in the way America was doed pictori whollyy was brought about by Phillis Wheatley in 1775, when she sent her poem to George Washington describing America as a goddess called Columbia. The people at the time were quick to identify with this new interpretation as they wanted to outgo themselves from the negative British images of America as a Native American woman who was young and disobeying of her parental figure. Also at that time, colonists were thinking of America as a place of self-knowledge and exploration, creating libraries and other places of study, complete with mock Roman architecture that enforced the feeling of the new Rome, and they liked the fact that Columbia was shown as a Roman goddess of sorts. When looking at the differences in the print by Edward cutthroat and the print dated 1866, there can be seen a change from Savages peaceful looking goddess Columbia, and then the armed fighting women that are in the 1866 picture. The earlier picture dated as 1796 shows Liberty wearing a wreath of flowers around her, offering a cup to an eagle and surrounded by billowing clouds and showing her upfront, away from any violence. The latter drawing from 1866 shows deuce-ace women, two holding the flag pole, and one with a sword still fighting, surrounded by people. This picture comes at the end of the Revolution era, and depicts Americas fighting spirit which has emerged from the battle. When looking at the example of the Eighteenth century book, Charlotte Temple by Susanna Rowson, the influence of the Columbian ideal can be shown by the book being of the seduction genre, which was very popular in that era. This type of story touched many in the nation, as people related their torture about how they stood after going against Britain to the seduction of a young female who was brought the new land, and then tricked into getting pregnant, only to be left to die on her own. Many wondered would America suffer that same fate as the seduced young woman, or would the country triumph as the new goddess, Columbia. It is no surprise that during such a perilous time in history that people were drawn to these seduction genre stories to the point of believing in their hearts that Rowsons work was non-fiction, which is wasnt. The recent 2005 portrait of Sacajawea is a new drawing on a golden dollar coin. She is shown as looking back, her hair drawn back, and having her son, Jean Baptiste strapped to her. This representation of her is striking with her large, dark eyes, and her true Native American features which are very pronounced and st unning. In earlier representations of Native American women, the facial features are all very close to what the features of drawings of white women at the time. These earlier images were closer to the facial likeness of early pictures of Columbia. The United States mint clearly made this coin to represent the anniversary of the Lewis and Clark expedition, dated 1804. The recent golden dollar was dated 2005, which means that it was conceived of and based on a 2004 date, exactly 200 years apart. The coin is withal meant to commemorate the Native American people themselves in history. The representation of Columbia in American history can be seen as the evolution of the country itself. As society grew, and the perception of what it meant to be an American changed, the figures of women changed with it. The spirit of Columbia is equated with the spirit of our nation, and the artistry used to show that spirit in female approach pattern is still being used today, represented by the Sacaj awea coin, celebrating the community ideal of what is is to be American.

Summary on My Sisters Keeper

SUMMARY. This book starts off with the main character Anna Fitzgerald selling a prized possession that her mother gave her. After discharge home she goes to an attorneys office, Campbell Alexander is the attorney Anna picks to hire to sue her parent for the right to her own body. She explains that the only reason she was born was to be Kates donor. Kate, her sister, is in the end stages of kidney failure, and Anna wants to file the lawsuit so she wont sacrifice to donate a kidney to Kate. Campbell, who has a service dog but ever gives a sarcastic explanation whenever well-nighone asks why, agrees to represent Anna for free.When Annas mother Sara receives the papers for the lawsuit, she becomes furious with Anna. Sara cant understand why Anna would want to do this to her sister, as she hasnt had any problem with donating to her sister before. Annas father however can understand both side of this lawsuit recognizes that she would not have brought a lawsuit unless she was genuinely un blissful. When they realize that they will need a lawyer, Annas mother who is a lawyer, decides to be the lawyer representing the opposing side, not mentation the subject area will go far and thinks she will be able to get Anna to drop the case.The judge that will be dealing with Annas case is Judge Desalvo. She appoints a guardian ad litem for Anna, Julia Romano her job is to objectively decide the best interests of the minor child. passim all of these events, Jesse has been setting different abandoned buildings on fire. Jesse acts like a delinquent in other ways as well, such as drinking alcohol, but much of this behaviour is coming from his feelings of existence ignored by his parents. Then Brian, their father, finds out that Jesse was the one who has been setting all the recent fires that he and his men have been putting out.When Brian faces up to Jesse and asks him about it, Jesse admits that he feels immense guilt due to the fact he wasnt a donor match for Kate. Kate be comes atrociously ill and is hospitalized. Their Doctor Dr. Chance says she will die at bottom a week. Anna refuses to change her mind about the case. At the hearing, Sara decides she will represent herself and Brian. As a result, Brian takes Anna to stay with him at the fire station to give Anna some distance from Sara. He believes if they remain in the same house together, Anna may unwillingly give in to her mothers wish that she donate her kidney.Throughout the trial and book, Sara realizes where she went wrong in some aspects of her parenting. Though she is frustrated at what Anna is doing, she never hates her or stops loving her for it. At the trial, Sara and Campbell question witnesses including the doctors familiar with Kates medical condition and history. Reluctantly Anna goes to the stand to tell her side of the story, during this Jesse as her brother getting annoyed at people blaming her, shouts to her to just tell the truth. She thusly admits that she only filed the la wsuit because Kate told her to.Then just as she says that Campbell has an epileptic seizure and collapses. When his seizure ends, he admits he has been having seizures ever since a car accident in high school. He also explains that the seizures are the reason he has a service dog, which can tell when another seizure is coming on. Then Anna goes tail to the stand and explains When Anna first found out that Kate needed her for a kidney transplant, she was going to do it and didnt mind. But, Kate convinced her not to. Turns out, she didnt want to go through with the military operation she was tired of being sick and waiting to die.She knew shed die without the transplant, but she just couldnt go through it all. It was Kate who convinced Anna to get a lawyer. Anna also admits that while she loves her sister, spark of her wanted Kate to die, too, so that she could have more freedom with her life. The trial ends with Judge Desalvo ruling in Annas favour and that Campbell has medical at torney over her. Everyone was happy that the case was over, and no one was mad at Anna for doing what she did. A sad twist of fate then happens. On the way to the hospital, Campbell and Anna get into a serious car accident as the car was struck by a truck.Campbell makes it out okay, but Anna is left brain dead. Everyone is wounded with rue, especially Sara who had always been supply out the death of her other daughter, Kate. Then doctors ask about an organ donation. Campbell, being the medical attorney for Anna, Campbell tells the doctors to give Annas kidney to Kate. Kate narrates the epilogue, set in 2010. She discusses the grief her family went through after Annas death, and the fact that she blames herself. She knows, however, that she will always carry Anna with her.

Integrative Network Design Project Essay

The redesign for Kudler comely Foods has covered the topology and standards and has specify the architecture, protocols, and strategies it entrust employ. Now security system is the issue that needs to be reviewed. The most important aspect of some(prenominal) communications platform is that it is secure. This paper go out discuss the security of the communicate and the details of the hardw ar choices that will be used in it. tribute Hardw atomic number 18 and SoftwareBetween every interlocking and the removed host of threats there is a first line of defense. For almost every network this will be a firewall. A firewall can be both hardware and software and is usually a faction of the two. A firewall creates a barrier between networks. Any outside computer or client essential pass through the firewall to access the network or its resources. Only a computer or governance that has proper access can easily access a network protected by a properly configured firewall. Though it is not infallible, a firewall is the first and perhaps best means of security available to a network.The Kudler Fine Foods network will have firewalls installed and configured at each location. These firewalls will be designed to allow access from authenticated users inside the network. Communication outside of the network should be minimal and not available from unauthenticated sources. Customers do have the ability to access certain account selective information from the Kudler Fine Foods website. These accounts allow them an authenticated login to the webserver which can access the firewall and the specific account information behind it. Customers themselves do not have access to the network or its files.A truly secure network does not rely on a firewall alone. Individual devices still require their own security measures installed on them. The method acting of having each end user device be responsible for its own security is called Endpoint Security and many current forms of security systems use this ideology.Third party software can be installed that handles the substantial depot security of the device. The important point is that each device has current software that protects against intrusion, viruses, and malware. Devices on the Kudler Fine Foods network will be installed with an application suite that will suit all of these needs. In access to antivirus and antimalware software every device should have appropriate encryption.LAN vs WANA local cranial orbit network (LAN) is the most basic form of network however the word local can be subjective. A local network can mean a small network in a home, or a business network covering several buildings on a city block. LANs are relatively fast, compact, and when configured correctly, have few errors or problems. The hardware needed to build an LAN is mend up on OSI levels 1 and 2 and include devices like switches, bridges, hubs, and repeaters.Wide area networks (WAN) are involved networks that span l arge geographical areas. The most commonly known WAN is the Internet. WANs tend to be laggard in speed, highly complex, and intolerant of system problems. Because of the multitude of connections on a WAN, even a simplex down can create problems across the network.Fundamental Network HardwareAll networks, whether local or larger, are built on the same types of hardware. Most of these systems are using Ethernet technology to connect them. Ethernet cabling uses twist pair cabling to transmit data and connect devices with a universal technology. Networks use a system of routers, hubs, and switches connected by Ethernet cable. Routers are gate agencys between networks these are frequently combined with other devices like a modem. Hubs create a connection point between sections of a network.Hubs function by relay raceing frames received to all clients. Hubs are dummy technology in that they do not analyze the frames coming to them and do not relay them specifically to the intended re cipient. Instead they transmit any received frame to all clients connected to them. This is a quick, cheap way of ensuring data is transmitted, but it does create large amounts of extra network traffic.A smarter and more(prenominal) expensive piece of equipment contemporary to the hub is the switch. A switch does the same function as the hub but is smarter than a hub. While hubs simply repeat their information to all clients, switches scan the frames that come to them and determine the recipient address. This way the switch can forward the frame to the proper client without tying up more network resources than necessary.ConclusionThe Kudler Fine Foods network upgrade will be constructed on Ethernet technology, just as it is now. The essential construct will involve use of these hardware technologies and will include switches and routers. The three buildings are in different cities, so they will each have their own local networks. Each network has a connection to the other networks so they are connected by a wide area network at the same time. The devices at each location will be responsible for their own endpoint protection while each local network will be protected by a firewall.

Family Life During Civil War Essay

As a pivotal point in our nations tarradiddle, the courteous fight holds a special fascination in the land and minds of the American people. It was a war all told fought by Americans, often dividing families and in time br others against brothers. The American civil war was unfor progress totable. It was fought between the United States of America and the grey slave states of the nearly formed hench manhood state of America under Jefferson Davis. The civilian War do really a tragic long lasting effect on a family unit of that period. During urbane War, families on both sides of the war had to bear a perturb of personal loss. Husbands and fathers and sons died not in hundreds entirely in thousands of numbers in both the North and South and many of them returned home either incapacitate or wounded manner. So many men not precisely injured physically however due to their wartime experiences, they had suffered more emotionally also. This effected their already burdened str uggling families more. This way, the families had suffered with physical and psychological pain a lot. Also the families were divided during Civil war.The only bread winner of any family may be a father or husband or an elder son had to go far finish the home. So in those families, especially middle class, wives and flummoxs had to work in the home and also out of the home. They were the only to take care about every aspects of the family including children. And for this they were not much trained. This situation for city women was much more difficult (.netplaces.com). The painting from the article of war sprits at home by Lily Martin Spencer shows that she herself is sitting in the kitchen with her children and a servant. Lacking an adult male figure, the painting reflects the absence of men in the home during this period in American history. The painting from the article of war sprits at home by Lily Martin Spencer shows that she herself is sitting in the kitchen with her child ren and a servant. Lacking an adult male figure, the painting reflects the absence of men in the home during this period in American history.Northern families lost a great many loved hotshots over the course of war and experienced their share of problems and grief, still south-centralern families suffered far more. Many southern towns and cities were destroyed and the disturb on the confederate civilian population was enormous in all eras (netplace.com). Most people and families in the south led the pastoral life, organized around agricultural activities. Many people in south had no slaves or very few, so all the man does physical labor. Due to war, families lost their able-bodied man, which had changed the correspond of family that women had to do all the work in the house and farms to keep farms functioning with the other works much(prenominal) as cleaning, making and fixing cloths, and raising the children (civilwar.org). As war went on, people also started suffering from h unger.With confederate troops, to feed and burning all the remaining food, combined with the lack of available rail transportation which was be use by war efforts. They also suffered from the lack of good enoughs as all the industries and factories were busy preparing the goods for civil war. As many men and sons were forced to leave their house they were not able to concentrate in the war. handwritten letters were the main form of communication between soldiers and their relatives during civil war. Soldiers became desperate to hear from their families and for news from home. They even gladly read each others letters just to hear about well-known(prenominal) places and everyday situations anything to take their mind off the war and their struggles. Robert T. Tallman, wrote to William brownish, with an interesting suggestion as a realistic means to encourage more communication (ozarkscivilwar.org). I have not had a letter for both weeks what is our folks doing. tell them I am d ead and maybe they will send for my bounty and wages, and I will hear from them that way if no other.( Robert T. Tallman letter to William Brown February 11, 1865).Civil war had the same impact on northern families. White families in Virginia first confronted the wars impact with the enlistments of their male kin. To reserve food and protect families, men were pulled away from their loved ones to serve in the confederate army. As one Virginia solider put his duty in the war encompassed the defense of our country, our liberty and the protection of our parent, wives, children, and all that is dear to a man (encylopediavirginia.org). 50 percent of the male enlisted from Virginia tried to help both families and the confederacy. But it was of no use. Wives, daughters, sisters, and other female kin assumed much of the work normally pursued by men- managing plantation, harvesting crops, rail business. This pres surely took toll on women. We felt like clinging to Walter and holding him b ack, wrote one Virginia woman in reaction to a family members enlistment. I was sick of war, sick of the butchery, the anguish (encylopediavirginia.org).Virginia Civilians After a BattleOften soldiers tries to maintain their role in family through home letters, but their correspondence turn out an imperfect surrogate when the mail, disrupted by war, was slow in coming. Some women also tried to roleplay their men home by filing petition with the confederate secretary of war for a mans exemption, or by urging a soldier to desert the army, which were often unsuccessful and so the women has to wait for her man until the war end or sometimes she never gets to see him. These lines from the letter were include in the Civil War diary of Samuel Bennett, a Daviess County native who fought for the Union Army. In it, Bennetts mother expresses her worries about his welfare.Wilson I dreamed last night that you had come home you may be sure that I was sorry when I waked and found it was a dere d ream Wilson the crop is in tolerable good order you father commensed mowing yesterday and Amas thought he could mow and your father concluded that he capacity to get it he does very well Wilson we will get your janes today and if you want a bridge of everyday pants I want you to let me know and I will make them and let them if we get to come and if not I will send them I hope we will get to come yet I must bring my broken lines to a close by saing I hope that it will not bee long till we see each others face Write as soon as this comes to hand I remain your devoted and loving mother untill death(ket.org). policy-making divisions sometimes compounded the separation experienced by families. Regions with high unionist concentrations, witnessed the division of house members against each other-pitting father against son, husband against wife, and sometimes brother against brother. John fee wrote in his autobiography that The next aurora just as I was about starting back to my home, m y father said to me, Julett is here on my premises, and I will sell her before sundown if I can. I turned to him and said, Father, I am now that womans only guardian.. yet if you sell that woman, I will impeach you for so doing, as sure as you are a man.(ket.org)Civil war had made a enormous effect on the family life. Many lost their loved ones and very few got their loved ones back. and then the civil war era was very hard for every women, men, and child. To claim that the Civil War was unconnected any war before or since is an argument this overlooks many of the continuities of time displayed in a history of warfare. Certainly it can be claimed to be the first type of war in several of its features, but entirely different isolates it from this history and leaves out very important aspects of it.Citation* The American Civil War. 123helpme.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2013. .* Civil War Trust. Civil War Lesson Plans Southern Life during Civil War. Civilwar.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 F eb. 2013..* Stoddard, Brooke C., and Daniel P. Murphy. Family Life during Civil War. Netplaces.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2013..* Slipp, Naomi, ed. Unpacking Feminist Content in Lilly Martin Spencers War Spirit at Home. WordPress.com. N.p., 17 Dec. 2009. Web. 2 Feb. 2013. .* Women and Children at Home. Ket.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2013. .* STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY of MISSOURI RESEARCH CENTER ROLLA, ed. Tallaman- Brown Family Papers. Ozarkscivilwar.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 2Feb. 2013. .* Impact of the Civil War on the Tennessee Homefront. Liberary.mtsu.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2013. .* Taylor, Amy Murrell. Family Life During the Civil War. Encylopedia Virginia. Ed. Brendan Wolfe. 2 February 2013 Virginia metrical unit Humanities 6 feb 2012

Attracting and Retaining the Best Employees

How many of each type of therapist depart the caller-out need? Can not estimate the amount of facultying needed to staff the therapist do to patients needs, without number of patients. b. How give it prevent therapists from burning out? Cross training per therapists unlikely to be burnout since they atomic number 18 floating among the five nursing homes. c. How can it retain experienced staff and still limit be? Job analysis Job description Job specification Recruiting Degree Employee training By religious offering the employee benefit package will still limit company cost d.Are promotions available for any of the staff? What is the career ladder? Performance appraisal or evaluation is used to provide employee with performance feedback, to take care as a basis for distributing reward. e. How will the company manage therapists at five different locations? How will it keep in touch them (computer, voice mail, monthly meetings)? Would it make more sense to have therapists repre sent permanently at each location rather than rotate among them? They will keep it touch by iphone, computer e-mail, text messaging, morning appointments assignments. No, it will be more cost affected for the patients needed. . How will the company justify the travel costs? What other expenses might it expect? By filled out a traveling expense report employee will be reimbursement at the rate of . 27 cent a mile dependant on appointment schedule. It will consist of the following Date Patient put forward Arrival time Department time Mileage Using company vehicle has the expense of redress and maintenance. 2. Prepare a plan for the New Therapy Company to present to the nursing homes. Human Resource training Forecasting the human resources that a firm will need and those that it will have available for the follow out to match supply and demand.Job analysis determining the exact nature of the positions Recruiting attracting people the apply for position weft Choosing and hiring the most qualified applicants Orientation acquainting new employees with the firm Compensation rewarding employee effort through fiscal payment Benefits providing rewards to ensure employee well-being Training Development teaching employee new skills, new jobs, and more effectual ways of doing their present jobs Performance Appraisal assessing employees current and potential performance levels

Marketing Mix Essay

Broadly speaking, in order to maximise profits, varied riotouss use distinct scapes to perform strategy and decisions, such as SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis and merchandising concoction analysis. In terms of the merchandise alloy, as an important concept in the subject of blood studies, it refers to a balance between the four main agents of trade is needed to carry reveal the foodstuffing strategy. It consists of the 4ps harvest-tide, price, forward motion and hind end (Marcouse and Surridge et al., 2011141). Firms preempt build an effective marketing strategy by using the marketing premix as a tool, and it is possible that business ordain fail if the marketing mix is not correct. The head of the essay is to analyse constituents of the marketing mix. Initially, it entrust discuss four agents, which atomic number 18 the harvest-tide, price, place and promotion respectively. Then, it will evaluate the roughly alert component in the marketing mix, which is the product.The first component of the marketing mix is the product. A product is a good or service produced by a business or organization, and made avail able-bodied to the public for consumption (Ashwin and Merrills et al., 2008). Each product has a divergent feature, which could be the uncomparable swaping points of them. Roams and Cota (2008152) attempt to define this term is, A rum selling point (USP) is a unforesightful statement that explains why a customer should buy from you instead of your competitorsin. For example, Apple Corporation has a unique and independent operation system for their iPhone.It has been argued that there are three levels of product, first of which is core or generic product (Levitt, 1986361). This is the basic and general physical product, in some other words, it is the product that has minimum features and the consumer would expect it to have. In a microwave oven example, it should have enough space inside to put food and it would be judge to work effectively. The second level of the product is known as actual or tangible product. This is, real and physical property of the product. Young (2008130) suggests this level of product will contain the products name, style, dent name, label, packaging and quality level. This level of product endures a material and a clearer image of the product to customers. The adjacent and last level is called augmented product. Leader and Kyritsis (199012) explain this product provides privileges and additionalservices to the consumer it also can reflect the several(predicate)iation of the product. For instance, services such as free delivery, discounts and additional purchases.The second element of the marketing mix is price. There are two main factors can determine the price of product, which is price breeze and price strategy respectively. Blythe (2012154) examines the elasticity of demand will illustrate that different categories have different purpose of sensitivity when the price cha nges. Consequently, it could help sloppeds make a better decision when they set the price. Thompson and Machin (200365) support that, a business must know how responsive their products are to price changes so that they can assess the electric potential impact of, say, special offers or a price increase.The next factor is the pricing strategy. Also, it is more(prenominal) imperative than price elasticity when firms make their price decisions. Firms use a serious of pricing strategies, however, the pricing method of cost plus is used some commonly, which is the basic form of all pricing decisions. It refers to a business calculates the average cost and then add a mark-up to the final selling price. Ashwin and Merrills (2008347) point out another price strategy is called discriminatory pricing this means a firm set different price for different target groups. As the description from Thompson and Machin (200365), discriminatory price refers to different price is aerated to different group people at different times. For instance, a cinema charges a different price for students and adults. Besides, it charges different for daytime and evening showings as well. In addition, psychology-pricing strategy is also used preferably frequently in supermarkets. For example, Morrisons sell a bottle of milk 1.99 rather than 2, hence customers will perceive the price as being lower. Levitt (1986) argues discriminatory pricing mainly relies on emotional responses from the consumer.The leash component in the marketing mix is the place. It concerns the agency in which a product is distributed. Stimpson (200516) points out the place decision involves making the product or service available toconsumers in the approximately appropriate way. Distribution channel as the most important factor could affect the decision of the place. There are numbers of factors can determine how the product is distributed. Blythe (2012173) suggests one of them is the marketing aim. The increasing scale raised endeavour intends to expand as wide a distribution as possible. Furthermore, legal restrictions should be regarded as well. stone (2001) states there are numerous products are not permitted to sell in some places. For instance, it is forbidden to sell the alcohol at the petrol station.In general, direct distribution, retailers, wholesalers and agent are four core transmit of distribution. Direct distribution is the producers sell products to customers directly without intermediaries. Blythe (2012175) explains this, direct distribution channels are typical of individualised services such as hairdressing. For retailers, it is an organization that offers goods to customers. Tesco and Wal-Mart, for example. In addition, Koter (2005) describes that, in many market, wholesalers act as a tangency between producers and consumers. Wholesalers usually buy goods from manufacturers then sell goods to the final consumers or retailers. In contrast, agents do not truly purchase goods they only help manufacturers to sell. Thompson and Machin (200380) claim that, agent never actually owns a product, they usually connect buyers and sellers and manage the transfer of the good.The final element in the marketing mix is promotion. Promotion is not only advertising but also a communication tool between producers and consumers. promotion is about communicating with customers and potential customers (Ashwin and Merrills et al., 2008331). Promotion is essential for a product because it is able to increase the demand for products. Young (2008) suggests promotion can raise emotion, concern or awareness for products or issues. In addition, promotion can protect and preserve the market share as well.The methods of above the term and below the line are two main types methods of promotion. As for above the line promotion, it refers to a firm uses the advertising media but does not has direct control. The most recognizableface of advertising is television. Because of it can provide the introduction of product with colorful images. Wolinski and Coates (2008373) state that, television has the advantage of being memorable, as it can give birth both moving images and sound. Thompson and Machin (200374) examines the below the line promotion includes promotional media over which the firm has control. For example, personalized selling, it means a salesman or a sales team who regularly visits consumers in person.Having introduced each element of the marketing mix, the essay will now evaluate the most crucial element in the marketing mix product.There are two principal reasons for product as the most important element in the marketing mix. First of all, product as the key component makes the entirely process of the link between customers and producers possible. Amount of sales promotion and price reduction will not help an enterprise to achieve their market target if the product is not appropriate and attractable. Stimpson (200524) agrees with this view that, a balance and incorporated mix is essential, but without a product that offers customers real and distinctive benefits, even the best-laid marketing plans can be wasted. In the mean time, Kazmi (2007), in her work, Marketing Management, suggests that the product or service is the most vital element, without a good product, you have nothing. Furthermore, Adcock and Halborg (2001) sustains that the attention of customers will be attracted if a firm can violate a high quality product, hence, the profits that the firm makes will increase. As a result, the potential for business success is significantly enhanced.The second reason is that products enable to decide a firms profits, sales, market share, image, reputation and stature. Additionally, product can also determine the scope and direction of a companys activity. Product acts a heart in the whole marketing mix. Most of the scholars support that view. Stimpson (200524) points out that, the product is usually considered to be the most important component of the marketing mix. Stone (2001) believed that in most case the product itself is the key to a successful marketing mix. However, there will be instances that when other components dominatethe marketing mix. Wolinski and Coates (2008346) argues that, At a festival, only one type of bottled water force be available, so the place is the most important factor. In contrast, Baker (1991) claims when consumer with limited money might choose the product with the lower price, this is due to consumer has insufficient resources to purchase additional products. In this case, price is the most significant component.To recapitulate, the essay has introduced and analysed four elements product, price, place and promotion in the marketing mix. Marketing mix as a tool is able to help firms make efficient business plan and strategy. Each element is playing a very vital role in the marketing mix. Furthermore, the essay has identified the product is the most crucial pa rt since the product is the key component linking between the producers and consumers. It can be reason that all the elements in the marketing are essential and necessary, while in the most case, product is the most essential component in the marketing mix. An enterprise should coordinate and integrate the four elements so that the firm can build an efficient marketing strategy and achieves more profits as possible.Reference nominateAshwin, A., Merrills, S. and Thompson, R. 2008. Collins biz/ed AS business studies. capital of the United Kingdom Collins Educational. Baker, M.(1991) Marketing, An Introductory Text, 5th edn. London Macmillan Education Ltd. Blythe, J. 2012. Essentials of marketing. 5th edn. Harlow Pearson.Felina C. Young and Cristobal M. Pagoso. 2008. Principles of Marketing 1st edn. Manila Red Book Store.Kotler, P. 2005. Principles of marketing. 4th edn. Harlow, England assimilator Hall/FinancialTimes.Leader, W. G. and Kyritsis, N. 1990. Fundamentals of marketing. Ne w edn. Cheltenham Stanley Thornes.Levitt,T. 1986. The Marketing Imagination. New York Free express.Marcouse, I., Surridge, M. and Gillespie, A. 2011. Business studies for A level. Abingdon, Oxon UK Hodder Education.Ramos, A. and Cota, S. 2008. Search locomotive Marketing. New York McGraw-Hill.Stimpson, P. 2005. Place. Business Review, 114-16Stimpson, P. 2004. The Product Decision. Business Review, 111-24Stone, P. 2001. Make Marketing Work for you. Oxford How To Books.Thompson, R. and Machin, D. 2003. AS Business Studies.1st edn. London Collins EducationalWolinski, J. and Coates, G. 2008. AQA AS business studies. 2nd edn. Deddington, Oxfordshire Philip Allan Updates.a

Answering Question Number One

Go fore Enterprises go forthed as a order and made itself famous through its queer metal toys. The connection was able to establish a national reputation for their product. Its strength lies in having a manufacturing ground which produces the toys. However, as disceptation intensified, the companion thinkers decided to overhaul the system and to go for more profit.This re-invention of the telephoner was successful but only for a time. The atmosphere changed and soon the company found itself wondering where to start again. Go Ahead Enterprises evolved from a manufacturing organization into a marketing one. This made the significant over-turn of the company, which sadly, was an unforeseen self-destructive path.The company reduced its number of employees and moved to the city where it could market toys. It has stopped manufacturing its own metal toys. It interchange its manufacturing plant. This decision was a critical one since the company never realized its important resourc e- the plant itself.Having a manufacturing plant is one key for sustainability. Plus, the company is sure that each metal toy manufactured is at its best. Quality is assured. The demands or orders for the products can be handled easily since Go Ahead Enterprises supervises its own operation. Selling the manufacturing plant was an unwise move.Losing a great deal number of people is also critical since they are the companys best asset. Letting go of competent and trained staff or employees is a impairment to the company, too. People are one great resource that brings additional investments and profit. However, cutting knowledgeable and skilled employees pip from the company may also result to downfall.The companys big bosses decision to source alternatively of manufacturing its own metal toys became a major disappointment in the long run. Go Ahead Enterprises created a ecological niche for itself in the market. Changing the position of that niche affects the company. What Go Ahead Enterprises did was to create a nonher niche for itself by turning into a marketing company. It used to produce metal toys under its brand name. only if since the big bosses decided to make a complete overhaul, the company lost its niche as the maker of metal toys.The company leaders decision was enough to ruin the company unintentionally. On organisational level, they have induce the change. What they failed to see is the long-term effect of that decision. They truism profits coming in like never ahead. still an initial success is not a guarantee of future sustainability and growth. The company leaders never saw that right and noble decisions may sometime lead to a bitter path. They should have seen the consequences first before jumping to conclusion and endanger the companys growth, position in the market and quality of products.On the other hand, environmental factors do play a big part. Globalization floods the market with cheap products. This resulted to steeping competiti on and fight for consumers favor. Globalization made the market more diversified with more choices and alternatives. The consumers are left confused, addled and happy.The consumers are happy because influx of goods means affordability. They get to choose the products which suit their purse. Yet, cheap goods are sometimes made of inferior quality. Satisfaction is still an issue. There are consumers who still opt to buy brand products even if it is priced higher than the usual ones. Better to spend much than to be sorry, so they say.Go Ahead Enterprises banked on globalisation and joined the bandwagon to keep itself on top of the game. It imitated other companies which are also changing their companys course to accommodate changes. The environmental change brought by globalization has transformed, but not necessarily improved Go Ahead Enterprises.Losing the companys niche, its manufacturing plant and its key people brought the company lower than what it used to be. Go Ahead should h ave maintained its manufacturing and strengthened its niche in the market. The leaders should have come up with more strategies rather than adopting a strategic plan, which in the end, brought more disparage than profit.The company must reduce on its vision and keep the main topic the main thing (Hybels 2002). In this case, Go Ahead Enterprises fate will be on its feet again if it will re-align its strength, assets, priorities, and focus on the main thing. It may not be money or profit but company reputation and sustainability.List of ReferencesHybels, B. 2002, Courageous Leadership, Zondervan Publishing, Michigan.